Carboxyfullerene SOD Mimetic Enhances Cognition and Lifespan in Mice A groundbreaking study published in Neurobiology of Aging (Quick et al., 2006) explored the effects of a synthetic superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, a small-molecule antioxidant, on aging in wild-type mice. Starting...

Liposome-Fullerene Complex Protects Skin from UVA Damage A research study published in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications in 2010 by Ito et al. investigates the protective effects of a fullerene-C60/liposome complex (Liposome-Fullerene, or Lpsm-Flln) against skin damage caused by UVA...

Carbon Adsorbents and Fullerenes for Water Disinfection A research study published in Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology in 2015 by Mel’nyk et al. examines the ability of activated carbon and C60/C70 fullerenes to disinfect water by killing harmful microorganisms....

Carboxyfullerene as a Potential Treatment for Group A Streptococcus Infections A research study published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in 2005 by Tsao et al. explores the use of carboxyfullerene, a water-soluble fullerene derivative, to combat infections caused by Streptococcus...

Squalane-Dissolved Fullerene-C60 Reduces Inflammation and Fat Cell Formation in Obesity-Related Research A research study published in Biomaterials in 2010 by Xiao et al. investigates the effects of squalane-dissolved fullerene-C60 (Sql-fullerene), a carbon-based nanoparticle, on inflammation and fat cell development in...

Water-Soluble C60 Fullerene as a Protective Agent for Osteoarthritis A research study published in Arthritis & Rheumatism in 2012 by Yudoh et al. explores the potential of water-soluble C60 fullerene, a powerful antioxidant, to protect joint cartilage from degeneration in...

Buckminsterfullerenols as Neuroprotective Agents Against Neuronal Damage A research study published in Neuroscience in 1996 by Dugan et al. investigates the potential of buckminsterfullerenols, a type of water-soluble, polyhydroxylated C60 fullerene derivatives, to protect brain cells (neurons) from damage caused...

Photodynamic Inactivation of Mosquito Iridescent Virus Using C60 Fullerenes This research study, conducted by Yu Rud and colleagues, explores a novel method to combat mosquito iridescent virus (MIV) using water-soluble C60 fullerenes, a type of carbon-based nanoparticle. The study, published...

Carbon 60’s Potential Health Benefits: A Simple Look at the Science A 2008 study in Biomaterials (Markovic et al.) dives into how Carbon 60 (C60), a unique soccer ball-shaped molecule, could support health by managing harmful molecules in the body...

C60 + Nerves Nerves can die from oxidative stress and overstimulation. In this study, C60 protected nerves from dying due to “overwork” in cell cultures. Buckminsterfullerenol free radical scavengers reduce excitotoxic and apoptotic death of cultured cortical neurons Study strengths: Strongly...

C60 is non-toxic In this study, rats were given 1 gram of C60 per kilogram of body weight and no toxicity was found. Sub-acute oral toxicity study with fullerene C60 in rats Study strengths: This study was done in vivo, in...

C60 + Immune Response C60 was found to enhance the production of immune cells, such as lymphocytes (white blood cells). Immunostimulatory properties and enhanced TNF- alpha mediated cellular immunity for tumor therapy by C60 Study strengths: Significantly increased human immune cells...

C60 + Metabolism and Weight This 2010 study found that C60 prevents cells from turning into fat cells, in both mice and humans and may effectively help prevent weight gain. The effect of squalane-dissolved fullerene-C60 on adipogenesis-accompanied oxidative stress and macrophage...

C60 + Cognitive Function In a 2001 animal study, C60 showed strong neuroprotective properties. Fullerene-based Antioxidants and Neurodegenerative Disorders Study strengths: Strongly protected nerve cells. Study weaknesses: This study was done in vivo, in living mice. C60 prevented cognitive decline in...

C60 + UV Damage and Other Ionizing Radiation C60 protects skin cells from UV damage. Fullerene-C60/liposome Complex: Defensive Effects Against UVA-induced Damages in Skin Structure, Nucleus and Collagen Type I/IV Fibrils, and the Permeability Into Human Skin Tissue Study strengths: C60...

C60 + Scavenger of Free Radicals C60 is characterized as a “free radical sponge” with an antioxidant efficacy several hundred-fold higher than conventional antioxidants. The Applications of Buckminsterfullerene C60 and Derivatives in Orthopedic Research Study strengths: This study reviewed a large...

Questionable Funding Sources – Study Designed to Fail In this study, C60 in olive oil was exposed to the equivalent of approximately 3-weeks of the blue/UV spectrum of sunlight, causing the oil to become rancid. Under the study’s protocol, there...